Complex Systems Reading Group

Social Systems Bibliography

Table of Contents:


I. Modeling and Simulation in General
II. Archaeology
III. Anthropology
IV. Political Science
V. Economics
VI. Organizational Behavior
VII. Sociology
VIII. Primate Societies
IX. Social Organisms and Groups of Cells
X. Cultural Transmission
XI. Group Selection
XII. Evolutionary Psychology and Sociobiology


I. Modeling and Simulation in General:


Axelrod, Robert M. (1997). Advancing the art of simulation in the social
sciences: Obtaining, analyzing, and sharing results of computer models.
Complexity 3(2):16-22.

Axtell, Robert, Robert Axelrod, Joshua M. Epstein, and Michael D. Cohen.
(1996). Aligning simulation models: A case study and results. Computational
and Mathematical Organization Theory 1:123-141. Early version published as
SFI Working Paper 95-07-065.

Axtell, Robert L., and Joshua M. Epstein. (1994). Agent-based modeling:
Understanding our creations. The Bulletin of the Santa Fe Institute,
Winter, 1994. pp. 28-32.

Bankes, Steve. (1993). Exploratory modeling for policy analysis. Operations
Research 41(3): 435-449.

Miller, John H. (1996). Active nonlinear tests (ANTs) of complex simulation
models. SFI Working Paper 96-03-011.

Simon, Herbert A. (1981). The architecture of complexity. Chapter 7 in The
Sciences of the Artificial. Second Edition. MIT Press. pp. 192-229.

Simon, Herbert A., and Albert Ando. (1961). Aggregation of variables in
dynamic systems. Econometrica 29(2):111-138.


II. Archaeology:


Bender, Barbara. (1978). Gatherer-hunter to farmer: a social perspective. World
Archaeology 10: 2: 204-221.

Bur, Michel. (1983). The social influence of the motte-and-bailey castle.
Scientific American 248(5):132-140. How motte-and-bailey castles may have
led to feudalism and chivalry in medieval Europe.

Flannery, Kent V. (1972). The cultural evolution of civilization. Annual
review of ecology and systematics 3:399-426. A verbal model of the
evolution of states.

Flannery, Kent V. (1986). Ecosystem models and information flow in the
Tehuac��n-Oaxaca region. Chapter 2 in Flannery, Kent V. (ed.), Guil�
Naquitz. Academic Press. pp. 19-28. Flannery's model of the emergence of
agriculture in Mesoamerica.

Flannery, Kent V. (1986). A visit to the master. Chapter 33 in Flannery,
Kent V. (ed.), Guil�� Naquitz. Academic Press. pp. 511-519. What constitutes
an explanation in archaeology?

Flannery, Kent V. (1995). Prehistoric social evolution. In Ember, Carol R.,
and Melvin Ember (eds.), Research Frontiers in Anthropology, pp. 1-26.
Prentice-Hall.  A nice discussion of the analogy between biological and
social evolution, with an overview of the general classes of human
societies.

Kirch, Patrick Vinton. (1984). Hawai`i. Chapter 10 in The evolution of the
Polynesian chiefdoms. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-27316-1. pp.
243-263. A discussion of the evolution of the Hawaiian chiefdoms into a
state with social stratification and endogamy.

Kohler, Timothy A. (1998). Public architecture and power in pre-Columbian
North America. SFI Working Paper 98-03-022.

Kohler, Timothy A., James Kresl, Carla Van West, and Eric Carr. (1998).
Assessing the dependence of ancestral Puebloan residential site location in
the Mesa Verde region on distributions of maize productivity and water
sources. Unpublished.

Kohler, Timothy A., Carla R. Van West, Eric P. Carr, and Christopher G.
Langton. (1996). Agent-based modeling of prehistoric settlement systems in
the northern American Southwest. Unpublished.

Marcus, Joyce, and Kent V. Flannery. (1996). The unification of the valley
of Oaxaca. Chapter 12 in Zapotec Civilization: How Urban Society Evolved in
Mexico's Oaxaca Valley. Thames and Hudson. pp. 155-171.

Redding, Richard. (1988).  A general explanation of subsistence change:
From hunting and gathering to food production. Journal of Anthropological
Archaeology 7:56-97.

Reynolds, Robert G. (1986). An adaptive computer model for the evolution of
plant collecting and early agriculture in the eastern valley of Oaxaca. In
Flannery, Kent V. (ed.), Guil�� Naquitz. Academic Press. pp. 439-500.

Reynolds, Robert G., and Ayman Nazzal. (1997). Using cultural algorithm[s]
with evolutionary computing to extract site location decisions from
spatio-temporal databases. In Angeline, Peter J., Robert G. Reynolds, John
R. McDonnell, and Russ Eberhart (eds.), Evolutionary Programming VI: 6th
International Conference, EP97, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, April 13-16,
1997, Proceedings. Berlin: Springer. pp. 443-456.

Rosenberg, Michael. (1990). The Mother of Invention:  Evolutionary theory,
territoriality, and the origins of agriculture. American Anthropologist
92:399-415.

Steponaitas, Vincas. (1981). Settlement hierarchies and political
complexity in non-market societies: The formative period in the Valley of
Mexico. American Anthropologist 83:320-363. A model of how tribute would
affect the pattern of settlement sizes in relation to their catchment sizes
(size of arable land around the settlement).

Wenke, Robert J. (1991). The evolution of early Egyptian civilization:
Issues and evidence. Journal of World Prehistory 5(3):279-329.

Wright, Henry T. (1977). Recent research on the origin of the state.
Annual Review of Anthropology 6:379-97.  Includes a discussion of what
distinguishes a "state" from a "chiefdom".

Wright, Henry T. (1986). The evolution of civilizations. In Meltzer, David
J., Don D. Fowler, and Jeremy A. Sabloff (eds.), American Archaeology Past
and Future: A Celebration of the Society for American Archaeology
1935-1985. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press. pp. 323-365.

Wright, Henry T., and Gregory A. Johnson. (1975). Population, exchange, and
early state formation in southwestern Iran. American Anthropologist
77:267-289.  A classic paper on the definition of "states", and on
distinguishing them in the archaeological record.


III. Anthropology:


Lansing, J. Stephen, and James N. Kremer. (1994). Emergent properties of
Balinese water temple networks: Coadaptation on a rugged fitness landscape.
In Langton, Christopher G. (ed.), Artificial Life III. Addison-Wesley. pp.
201-223.

Lansing, J. Stephen, James N. Kremer, and Barbara B. Smuts. (1998).
System-dependent selection, ecological feedback, and the emergence of
functional
structure in ecosystems. SFI Working Paper 98-01-014. To appear in J.
Theor. Biol.

Rappaport, Roy A. (1979). Ritual regulation of environmental relations
among a New Guinea people. In Ecology, Meaning, and Religion. North
Atlantic Books. pp 27-42.


Sahlins, Marshall D., and Elman R. Service (eds.). (1960). Evolution and
Culture. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-472-08776-2.

Sahlins, Marshall D. (1963). Poor man, rich man, big man, chief.
Comparative Studies in Society and History 5:285-302.

Shore, Bradd. (1996). Rethinking culture as models. Chapter 2 in Culture in
Mind: Cognition, Culture, and the Problem of Meaning. New York: Oxford
University Press. ISBN 0-19-509597-9. pp. 42-71.


IV. Political Science:


Axelrod, Robert M. (1984). The evolution of cooperation. Basic Books. ISBN
0-465-02121-2. Classic discussion of the iterated prisoner's dilemma.

Axelrod, Robert. (1986). An evolutionary approach to norms. American
Political Science Review 80(4):1095-1111.

Axelrod, Robert. (1987). The evolution of strategies in the iterated
Prisoner's Dilemma. In Davis, Lawrence (ed.), Genetic Algorithms and
Simulated Annealing. London: Pitman. pp. 32-41.

Axelrod, Robert. (1992). The evolution of strategies in the iterated
Prisoner's Dilemma. To appear in Bicchieri et al. (eds.), The Dynamics of
Norms. Cambridge University Press.

Axelrod, Robert, and D. Scott Bennett. (1993). A landscape theory of
aggregation. British Journal of Political Science 23:211-33.

Axelrod, Robert, Will Mitchell, Robert E. Thomas, D. Scott Bennett, and
Erhard Bruderer. (1995). Coalition formation in standard-setting alliances.
Management Science 41:1493-1508.

Axelrod, Robert. (1995). A model of the emergence of new political actors.
In Gilbert, Nigel, and Rosaria Conte (eds.), Artificial Societies: The
Computer Simulation of Social Life. London: University College Press. pp.
19-39.

Axelrod, Robert. (1997). The dissemination of culture: A model with local
convergence and global polarization. Journal of Conflict Resolution
41:203-226.
Early version published as Axelrod, Robert. (1995). The convergence and
stability of cultures: Local convergence and global polarization. SFI
Working Paper 95-03-028.

Axelrod, Robert M. (1997). The complexity of cooperation: Agent-based
models of competition and collaboration. Princeton University Press. ISBN
0-691-01567-8

Cederman, Lars-Erik. (1994). Nationalist coordination. Chapter 8 in
Emergent actors in world politics: How states and nations develop and
dissolve. PhD thesis, University of Michigan. pp. 226-262. Published by
Princeton University Press, 1997.

Epstein, Joshua M. (1997). Zones of cooperation in demographic prisoner's
dilemma. SFI Working Paper 97-12-094 E.

Hoffmann, Robert, and Nigel Waring. (1996). The localisation of interaction
and learning in the repeated prisoner's dilemma. SFI Working Paper
96-08-064.

Huberman, Bernardo A., and Natalie S. Glance. (1993). Evolutionary games
and computer simulations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
(USA) 90:7716-7718.

Kollman, Ken, John H. Miller, and Scott E. Page. (1992). Adaptive parties
in spatial elections. American Political Science Review 86(4):929-937.

Kollman, Ken, John H. Miller, and Scott E. Page. (1996). Political
institutions and sorting in a Tiebout model. Unpublished.

Latane, Bibb, Andrzej Nowak, and James H. Liu. (1994). Measuring emergent
social phenomena: Dynamism, polarization, and clustering as order
parameters of social systems. Behavioral Science 39:1-24.

Miller, John H., Carter Butts, and David Rode (1998). Communication and
cooperation. SFI Working Paper 98-04-037.

Nowak, Andrzej, and Maciej Lewenstein. (1996). Modeling social change with
cellular automata. In Hegselmann et al. (eds.), Modeling and Simulation in
the Social Sciences from a Philosophical Point of View. pp. 249-285.
Boston: Kluwer.

Nowak, Andrzej, Bibb Latane, and Maciej Lewenstein. (1994). Social dilemmas
exist in space. In Schulz, Ulrich, Wulf Albers, and Ulrich Mueller (eds.),
Social Dilemmas and Cooperation. Berlin: Springer. pp. 269-289. ISBN
3-540-57757-2.

Nowak, Andrzej, Jakub Urbaniak, and Leszek Zienkowski. (1996). Clustering
processes in economic transition. In ????. pp. 42-61.

Nowak, Martin A., and Robert M. May. (1992). Evolutionary games and spatial
chaos. Nature 359:826-829.

Padgett, John F., and Christopher K. Ansell. (1993). Robust action and the
rise of the Medici, 1400-1434. American Journal of Sociology
98(6):1259-1319.  A very nice paper on state formation in late-Medieval
Florence.

Padgett, John F. (1996).  The emergence of simple ecologies of skill: A
hypercycle approach to economic organization. SFI Working Paper 96-08-053.
To appear in Arthur, W. Brian, David Lane, and Steven N. Durlauf (eds.),
The Economy as an Evolving, Complex System II. Addison-Wesley, forthcoming.

Riolo, Rick. (1997). The effects and evolution of tag-mediated selection of
partners in populations playing the iterated prisoner's dilemma. In B�ck,
Thomas (ed.), Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on
Genetic Algorithms. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann. ISBN 1-55860-487-1. pp.
378-385.

Riolo, Rick L. (1997). The effects of tag-mediated selection of partners in
evolving populations playing the Prisoner's Dilemma. SFI Working Paper
97-02-016.


V. Economics:


Albin, Peter S., and Hans W. Gottinger. (1983). Structure and complexity in
economic and social systems. Mathematical Social Sciences 5:253-268.

Albin, Peter, and Duncan K. Foley. (1992). Decentralized, dispersed
exchange without an auctioneer. Journal of Economic Behavior and
Organization 18: 27-51.

Arthur, W. Brian, John H. Holland, Blake LeBaron, Richard Palmer, and Paul
Tayler. (1996). Asset pricing under endogenous expectations in an
artificial stock market. SFI Working Paper 96-12-093.  To appear in Arthur,
W. Brian, David Lane, and Steven N. Durlauf (eds.), The Economy as an
Evolving, Complex System II.

Arthur, W. Brian. (1988). Urban systems and historical path dependence. In
Ausubel, Jesse H., and Robert Herman (eds.), Cities and Their Vital Systems.
Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Arthur, W. Brian. (1990). 'Silicon Valley' locational clusters: When do
increasing returns imply monopoly? Mathematical Social Sciences 19:235-251.

Arthur, W. Brian. (1990). Positive feedbacks in the economy. Scientific
American (February, 1990): 92-99.

Arthur, W. Brian. (1994). Inductive reasoning and bounded rationality.
American Economic Review 84:406-411. Description of the El Farol problem,
or bar problem.

Arthur, W. Brian. (1994). On the evolution of complexity. In Cowan, George
A., David Pines, and David Meltzer (eds.), Complexity: Models, Metaphors,
and Reality. Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0-201-62606-3. pp. 65-81.

Arthur, W. Brian. (1995). Complexity in economic and financial markets.
Complexity 1(1):20-25.

Casti, John L. (1996). Seeing the light at El Farol. Complexity 1(5):7-10.

Challet, D., and Y.-C. Zhang. (1997). Emergence of cooperation and
organization in an evolutionary game. adap-org 9708006 v.2. Description of
the minority game, an abstraction of the El Farol problem.

Epstein, Joshua M, and Robert Axtell. (1996). Growing artificial societies:
Social science from the bottom up. MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-55025-3.  Modeling
economics using Sugarscape.

Friedman, Daniel, and Joel Yellin. (1997). Evolving landscapes for
population games. Unpublished.

Haxholdt, Christian, Christian Kampmann, Erik Mosekilde, and John D.
Sterman. (1995). Mode-locking and entrainment of endogenous economic
cycles. System Dynamics Review 11(3):177-198.

Krugman, Paul. (1991). Increasing returns and economic geography. Journal
of Political Economy 99(3):483-499.

Krugman, Paul. (1993). On the number and location of cities. European
Economic Review 37:293-298.

Krugman, Paul. (1994). Complex landscapes in economic geography. American
Economic Review 84(2):412-416.

Krugman, Paul. (1996). How the economy organizes itself in space: A survey
of the new economic geography. SFI Working Paper 96-04-021. To appear in
Arthur, W. Brian, David Lane, and Steven N. Durlauf (eds.), The Economy as
an Evolving, Complex System II.

Page, Scott E. (1998). On the emergence of cities. SFI Working Paper
98-08-075E.

Savit, Robert, Radu Manuca and Rick Riolo. (1997). Adaptive competition,
market efficiency, phase transitions and spin-glasses. PSCS Technical
Report 97-12-001. Another paper on the minority game.

Vriend, Nicolaas J. (1995). Self-organization of markets: An example of a
computational approach.  Computational Economics 8:205-231.


VI. Organizational Behavior:


Carley, Kathleen, and David Svoboda. (1996). Modeling organizational
adaptation as a simulated annealing process. Sociological Methods and
Research, forthcoming.

Cohen, Michael D., James G. March, and Johan P. Olsen. (1972). A garbage
can model of organizational choice. Administrative Science
Quarterly 17:1-25.

Johnson, Jeffrey. (1995). The multidimensional networks of complex systems.
In Batten, David, John Casti, and Roland Thord (eds.), Networks in Action:
Communication, Economics, and Human Knowledge, pp. 49-77. Berlin: Springer.

March, James G. (1991). Exploration and exploitation in organizational
learning. Organization Science 2(1):71-87.

Miller, John H. (1995). Evolving information processing organizations. SFI
Working Paper 95-06-053.

Richards, Diana, Whitman A. Richards, and Brendan D. McKay. (1998).
Collective Choice and Mutual Knowledge Structures. SFI Working Paper
98-04-032 E.

Stacey, Ralph D. (1995). The science of complexity: An alternative
perspective for strategic change processes. Strategic Management Journal
16:477-495.

Sterman, John D. (1989). Modeling managerial behavior: Misperceptions of
feedback in a dynamic decision making experiment. Management Science 35(3):
321-339.

Watkins, Bill. (1998). Modeling the Firm as a Network. SFI Working Paper
98-06-055 E.


VII. Sociology:


Schelling, Thomas C. (1973). Dynamic models of segregation. Journal of
Mathematical Sociology 1:143-186. Schelling's tipping model of housing
segregation.

Schelling, Thomas C. (1974). On the ecology of micromotives. In Morris,
Robert (ed.), The Corporate Society. pp. 19-64. (See especially pp. 43-54.)

Schelling, Thomas C. (1978). Sorting and mixing: Race and sex. Chapter 4 in
Micromotives and Macrobehavior. Norton. pp. 135-166. Norton. ISBN
0-393-09009-4.


VIII. Primate Societies:


Smuts, Barbara B. (1985). Sex and Friendship in Baboons. New York: Aldine.

Smuts, Barbara B., et al. (eds.). (1987). Primate societies. Chicago:
University of Chicago Press.

Te Boekhorst, Irenaeus J. A., and Paulien Hogeweg. (1994). Self-structuring
in artificial "chimps" offers new hypotheses for male grouping in
chimpanzees. Behaviour 130(3-4):229-252.

Wrangham, Richard W. (1979). On the evolution of ape social systems. Social
Science Information 18(3):335-368.


IX. Social Organisms and Groups of Cells:


Bonner, John Tyler. (1983). Chemical signals of social amobae. Scientific
American 248(4):114-120. April, 1983. "Social" systems in slime molds.

Buss, Leo W. (1987). The evolution of hierarchical organization. In The
Evolution of Individuality. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-08469-6.
pp. 169-197.  When does a group become an individual?

Franks, Nigel R. (1989). Army ants: A collective intelligence. American
Scientist 77:139-145.

Gould, Stephen Jay. (1985). A most ingenious paradox. Chapter 5 in The
Flamingo's Smile: Reflections in Natural History. Norton. pp. 78-95. Are
siphonophores colonies or organisms?

H��lldobler, Bert, and Edward O. Wilson. (1994). Journey to the Ants: A
Story of Scientific Exploration. Harvard University Press. ISBN
0-674-48526-2.

Seeley, Thomas D. (1989). The honey bee colony as a superorganism. American
Scientist 77:546-553.

Theraulaz, Guy, Eric Bonabeau, and Jean-Louis Deneubourg. (1998). The origin
of nest complexity in social insects. SFI Working Paper 98-07-065. To
appear in Complexity.


X. Cultural Transmission:


Richard Brodie. (1996). Virus of the Mind: The New Science of the Meme.
Integral Press.

Dawkins, Richard. (1989). The Selfish Gene. New edition. Oxford University
Press. pp. 192-201, 322-331. ISBN 0-19-286092-5. Memes.

Feldman, Marcus W., and Kevin N. Laland. (1996). Gene-culture
coevolutionary theory. SFI Working Paper 96-05-033.

Feldman, Marcus W., Luigi L. Cavalli-Sforza, and Lev A. Zhivotovsky.
(1994). On the complexity of cultural transmission and evolution. In Cowan,
George A., David Pines, and David Meltzer (eds.), Complexity: Models,
Metaphors, and Reality. Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0-201-62606-3. pp. 47-64.

Sperber, Dan. (1996). Explaining culture: A naturalistic approach. Oxford:
Blackwell.


XI. Group Selection:


Wilson, David Sloan. (1989). Levels of selection: An alternative to
individualism in biology and the human sciences. Social Networks 11:257-272.

Wilson, David Sloan, and Elliot Sober. (1994). Reintroducing group
selection to the human behavioral sciences. Behavioral and Brain Sciences
17:???-???.


XII. Evolutionary Psychology and Sociobiology:


Caporael, Linnda R., and Marilynn B. Brewer. (1991). Reviving evolutionary
psychology: Biology meets society. Journal of Social Issues 47(3):187-195.

Cosmides, Leda, and John Tooby. (1994). Better than rational: Evolutionary
psychology and the invisible hand. American Economic Review 84:327-332.

Gould, Stephen Jay. (1991). Exaptation: A crucial tool for an evolutionary
psychology. Journal of Social Issues 47(3):43-65.

Gould, Stephen Jay. (1997). Evolution: The pleasures of pluralism. New York
Review of Books, June 26, 1997. pp. 47-52. Review of Darwin's Dangerous
Idea by Daniel Dennett, which morphs into a critique on evolutionary
psychology.

Sahlins, Marshall D. (1976). The use and abuse of biology: An
anthropological critique of sociobiology. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan
Press.

Wilson, Edward O. (1975). Sociobiology: The new synthesis. Harvard
University Press.

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